React component
A reusable piece of code in a React application that represents a part of the user interface (UI). Components can be either class-based or functional, and they allow developers to build complex UIs by breaking them down into smaller, manageable pieces.
There are two main types of React components:
- Functional Components: These are the simplest type of components. They are pure functions that take in props (short for "properties") and return JSX (JavaScript XML) elements. They don't have their own state and don't have access to lifecycle methods.
- Class Components: These components are classes that extend the React.Component class. They have their own state and lifecycle methods, and can handle more complex logic.
Component Structure. A typical React component consists of:
- Import Statements: Importing necessary libraries, components, or modules.
- Component Definition: Defining the component as a function or class.
- JSX: Returning JSX elements that represent the component's UI.
- Props: Receiving props from parent components.
- State: Managing the component's internal state (only applicable to class components).
- Lifecycle Methods: Methods that are called at different stages of the component's life cycle (only applicable to class components).
Component Lifecycle. A React component goes through several stages during its lifetime:
- Mounting: When the component is rendered to the DOM.
- Updating: When the component's props or state change.
- Unmounting: When the component is removed from the DOM.
Key Concepts
- Props: Short for "properties," props are immutable values passed from a parent component to a child component.
- State: The internal state of a component, which can change over time.
- Context: A way to share data between components without passing props down manually.
- Event Handling: Handling user interactions, such as clicks or form submissions.
- Refs: References to DOM nodes or components, used for imperative operations.
Best Practices
- Keep components small and focused: Break down complex components into smaller, reusable ones.
- Use functional components whenever possible: Unless you need to manage state or use lifecycle methods, use functional components.
- Use props to pass data: Avoid using global variables or mutating state unnecessarily.
- Use context wisely: Only use context when necessary, as it can make the code harder to understand.
- Test your components: Write unit tests and integration tests to ensure your components work as expected.
Common Component Patterns
- Container-Presenter Pattern: Separating logic and presentation into two separate components.
- Higher-Order Components (HOCs): Wrapping components with additional functionality.
- Render Props: Passing a render function as a prop to a child component.
- Compound Components: Creating a single component that contains multiple related components.
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